{"id":73,"date":"2025-10-02T03:35:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T03:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/citizenship-lite\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T03:35:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T03:35:25","slug":"citizenship-lite","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/articles\/citizenship-lite\/","title":{"rendered":"Citizenship Lite"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"content column wide left article content view\" id=\"content\">\n<div class=\"rounded-corner\"><\/div>\n<article class=\"fader\">\n<div class=\"heading\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"image\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/var\/broker\/storage\/images\/media\/images\/broker-20\/p47-book-review-citizenship-lite-joppke\/46198-2-eng-gb\/p47-book-review-citizenship-lite-joppke_full_view.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n<header class=\"contents\">\n<h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCitizenship-lite<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<div class=\"addthis\">\n\t\t<!-- AddThis Button BEGIN --><\/p>\n<div class=\"addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style\" addthis:title=\"Citizenship-lite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"pdf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/var\/broker\/storage\/original\/application\/d8a1fe41cf37a81a3205c4d73091bd18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"view\/print PDF\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t<a class=\"addthis_button_facebook_like\" fb:like:layout=\"button_count\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t<a class=\"addthis_button_tweet\" tw:via=\"thebrokeronline\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t<a class=\"addthis_counter addthis_pill_style\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/js\/250\/addthis_widget.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n\t\t<!-- AddThis Button END -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/authors\/long-katy\/\">Katy&nbsp;Long<\/a>\t\t|<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>July 01, 2025<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"intro contents\">\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">There has been growing support for anti-immigrant, ultra-nationalist politics in many Western states in recent years. This deep disquiet with the realities of human mobility in the age of globalization suggests a profound political crisis. Christian Joppke\u2019s latest work, <i>Citizenship and Immigration<\/i>, considers the future of national liberal citizenship in a century likely to be characterized by global migration. A review by Katy Long<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"body contents\">\n<aside class=\"textblock\">\n<article>\n<h1>About the author<\/h1>\n<div class=\"tleft\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/var\/broker\/storage\/images\/authors\/long-katy\/46318-3-eng-gb\/long-katy_small_author.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"tright\">\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/authors\/long-katy\/\">Katy<br class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"\/>Long<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKaty Long is a post-doctoral researcher at the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, UK,&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/authors\/long-katy\/\">full profile<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<br class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"\/><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/article>\n<\/aside>\n<p>\t\t<!-- body --><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n<div class=\"object-left\">\n<div class=\"embedded-image medium\" style=\"width:210px;\">\n<a href=\"#\"><br \/>\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/var\/broker\/storage\/images\/media\/images\/20-21-bookreview-citizenship-lite\/150700-1-eng-gb\/20-21-bookreview-citizenship-lite_medium.jpg\" alt=\"\" align=\"left\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"attribute-caption\" style=\"width:210px;\">\n\t\t                \t<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">The concept of national citizenship \u2013 however universal the rights it bestows \u2013 essentially depends on the exclusion of those who cannot claim membership through the traditional channels of birthplace or parentage. Joppke presents compelling evidence that access to Western citizenship eased significantly in the second half of the 20th century. Migration has played a key role in driving this de-nationalization of citizenship, as seen in resident aliens\u2019 growing entitlement to naturalization and dual citizenship.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">The politics of citizenship entitlement post-2001 gives us less reason for optimism. Immigrants&#8217; access to liberal citizenship is increasingly presented as a privilege rather than a right, particularly in Europe. This change has occurred in part as a response to mass immigration and a perceived need to counter rising support for ultra-nationalist groups. It also reflects a drive to \u2018re-ethnicize\u2019 citizenship in order to combat populist anti-immigration opinion. This reveals an uncomfortable truth, \u2018that democracy is bad for immigrants and for liberal citizenship\u2019 (p.53).<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Yet is citizenship itself still important? Post-nationalists have argued that our rights now depend on \u2018personhood\u2019 not \u2018citizenship\u2019, and Joppke agrees that there are many human rights unrelated to citizenship. Yet he is careful to stress that many aliens\u2019 rights are both stratified and reversible, and do not offer the same protection as citizenship. Using concrete examples, he details the declining rights of permanent resident aliens as a result of anti-terror legislation following 9\/11.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Citizenship and Immigration<\/i> also examines one of the most fundamental dilemmas posed by multicultural immigration. How can a neutral liberal state foster a common, unifying identity among its national citizens? Joppke traces the recent introduction of formal citizenship tests, arguing that liberal states such as Australia and the United Kingdom have found themselves trapped in a \u2018paradox of universalism &#8230; [They] cannot name and enforce any principles that distinguish \u201chere\u201d from \u201cthere\u201d\u2019 (p.130). An inability to articulate a distinct national \u2013 as opposed to liberal \u2013 set of values has led instead to the rise of \u2018identity liberalism\u2019, drawing crude lines between \u2018liberal\u2019 and \u2018illiberal\u2019 immigrants, and facilitating political discourse aimed above all at the exclusion of \u2018illiberal\u2019 Muslims.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Joppke concludes by considering the future of citizenship. He argues that European Union \u2018citizenship-lite\u2019 will be the \u2018citizenship of our time\u2019 (p.161): instrumentalized, de-nationalized and continuing to erode the distinction between citizen and immigrant by emphasizing the rights of residency. There is, however, a dark side to this \u2018liberalization\u2019. The construction of \u2018Fortress Europe\u2019 has already drawn new dividing lines between the haves and the have-nots, who are now excluded not only from citizenship, but from entering liberal states at all.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Citizenship and Immigration<\/i> has obvious limitations. As Joppke acknowledges, the study is geographically narrow, silent on the implications that immigration has for liberal citizenship in the global South. In studying citizenship and immigration, Joppke largely ignores the related effects of emigration upon citizenship. More seriously, while the book offers a perceptive and critical analysis of recent state trends in dealing with immigration and citizenship, it offers no solutions in response.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n\t\t\tThese omissions do not detract from Joppke\u2019s considerable achievements in detailing the complex and often contradictory Western responses to the impact of immigration on citizenship. In 200 pages Joppke covers an enormous amount of material and makes a broader scholarly literature accessible to a wider audience. Many polemics have been written on these subjects in recent years. For those who would rather engage in reasoned and intelligent discussion, Citizenship and Immigration marks an important and welcome contribution.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"credit\">\n\t\t\tPhoto credit main picture:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<!-- body --><br \/>\n\t\t<!-- footnotes --><br \/>\n\t\t<!-- footnotes -->\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"commentform content column wide left\">\n<div class=\"topright\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"bottomleft\"><\/div>\n<h1>Comments<\/h1>\n<div class=\"form\">\n\t<a id=\"formstart\"><\/a><\/p>\n<form enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" method=\"post\" action=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\">\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Your comment will not be automatically posted but first reviewed by the editor. 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