{"id":974,"date":"2025-10-02T04:00:46","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T04:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/iati-and-south-south-cooperation\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T04:00:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T04:00:46","slug":"iati-and-south-south-cooperation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/blogs\/busan-high-level-forum\/iati-and-south-south-cooperation\/","title":{"rendered":"Iati And South South Cooperation"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"content column wide left blog_post content view\" id=\"content\">\n<div class=\"edit image\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/var\/broker\/storage\/images\/blogs\/busan-high-level-forum\/iati-and-south-south-cooperation\/178918-1-eng-gb\/iati-and-south-south-cooperation_full_view.jpg\" alt=\"Sunflowers by Marco Magrini\">\n\t<\/div>\n<article class=\"fader\">\n<header class=\"contents\">\n<div class=\"share\">\n\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n    var addthis_config = {\n        ui_language = 'en'\n    }\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"addthis sharing\">\n\t<!-- AddThis Button BEGIN --><\/p>\n<div class=\"addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style\" addthis:title=\"IATI and South-South cooperation\">\n\t<a class=\"addthis_button_twitter\" tw:via=\"thebrokeronline\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t<a class=\"addthis_button_facebook\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t<a class=\"addthis_button_pinterest_share\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t<a class=\"addthis_button_preferred_4\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t<a class=\"addthis_button_compact\"><\/a><br \/>\n\t<a class=\"addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style\"><\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var addthis_config = data_track_addressbar;<\/script><br \/>\n\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/js\/300\/addthis_widget.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n\t<!-- AddThis Button END -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"addthis article_options\">\n\t\t<!-- \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/mandrill\/subscription\/add\/18362\/19705\">Subscribe<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t -->\n    \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIATI and South-South cooperation<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pubDate\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/experts-and-authors\/hubbard-michael\/\">Michael Hubbard<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/experts-and-authors\/sinha-pranay\/\">Pranay Sinha<\/a>\t\t|<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t23 November 2025\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"body contents\">\n\t<!-- body --><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><b><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">In the run-up to HLF4 there is debate over whether the principle of aid transparency should apply to South-South cooperation. Against this backdrop, it\u2019s important to be clear what it would mean for South-South cooperation providers like China, Brazil, India and South Africa to join the main initiative for greater transparency in aid information \u2013 the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">In the run-up to HLF4 there is debate over whether the principle of aid transparency should apply to South-South cooperation.\t<a href=\"#_edn1\" target=\"\">[1]<\/a> Against this backdrop, it\u2019s important to be clear what it would mean for South-South cooperation providers like China, Brazil, India and South Africa to join the main initiative for greater transparency in aid information \u2013 the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI).<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">There are five main points to be made.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>First, IATI sets common aid category codes<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">IATI is an initiative to coordinate aid data gathering globally so that it can be aggregated and compared. &nbsp;IATI standards are \u2018standards for sharing information\u2019. The process of developing its scope and category codes is carried out by a technical advisory group, as is coordination of other global data e.g. UN System of National Accounts. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Second, IATI operates on a voluntary disclosure basis<\/i>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">How much data is disclosed remains the responsibility of individual countries; their only commitment is adherence to the category codes for the data that is provided.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Third, IATI\u2019s scope is limited to country programmable aid<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">As shown in the table below, the consensus agreed by IATI participants is to capture only that part of development cooperation flows which are country programmable.\t<a href=\"#_edn2\" target=\"\">[2]<\/a> &nbsp;Taking the example of China, this would include complete projects (i.e. turnkey projects), goods and materials, technical cooperation, grants to recipient governments, interest free loans and Chinese Exim Bank\u2019s concessional loans. &nbsp;IATI does not require donors to publish those ODA\t<a href=\"#_edn3\" target=\"\">[3]<\/a> flows that are (i) unpredictable by nature i.e. humanitarian aid and debt relief; (ii) entail no cross-border flows i.e. administrative costs, imputed student costs, promotion of development awareness, and research and refugees in donor countries; (iii) do not form part of cooperation agreements between governments (food aid and aid from local governments); and (iv) are not country programmable aid (CPA) by the donor, i.e. core funding of NGOs (IATI, 2010:3).\t<a href=\"#_edn4\" target=\"\">[4]<\/a> &nbsp;&nbsp;Therefore, flows for human resource development, overseas volunteers program, debt relief and emergency humanitarian aid need not to be published as forward planning is not required for such flows.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">For DAC donors, OECD estimated in 2008 that \u2018CPA is roughly a little over a half of their gross bilateral ODA\u2019\t<a href=\"#_edn5\" target=\"\">[5]<\/a> and if all the DAC bilateral donors published their ODA as per IATI standards, only 54% of their total ODA would be published. It\u2019s not possible to estimate how much of south-south development cooperation is country programmable aid and would qualify to be published as per IATI requirement, because there are no data.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Fourth, IATI does not include trade related official flows<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Trade related official flows fall outside IATI\u2019s reporting scope.&nbsp; Thus the Chinese Development Bank\u2019s lines of credit which are LIBOR based and thus not concessional\t<a href=\"#_edn6\" target=\"\">[6]<\/a> fall outside IATI\u2019s scope. They also need not to disclose their EXIM preferential export buyers\u2019 credits and the equity funds under Chinese Africa Development Fund. Since IATI does not capture flows other than ODA, project level details of these flows will need not to be published.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">It\u2019s important to note that China now has an explicit foreign aid policy in place\t<a href=\"#_edn7\" target=\"\">[7]<\/a> that classifies its Exim Bank concessional loans as an aid instrument, whereas India doesn\u2019t have any foreign aid policy in place. It is worth watching in the future whether India will classify its Exim Bank concessional lines of credits under IDEAS scheme\t<a href=\"#_edn8\" target=\"\">[8]<\/a> as foreign aid or as a foreign trade instrument. &nbsp;If it\u2019s termed a foreign trade instrument then it need not be disclosed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\"><i>Fifth, adopting IATI codes provides an opportunity for southern donors to improve capture of their development cooperation flows.<\/i>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Existing capture of development cooperation flows by southern donors is very limited, and uses a diversity of categories. Adopting IATI codes provides an opportunity for southern donors and recipients to improve their own capture of their development cooperation flows.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Furthermore, IATI is compatible with proposed South-South aid reporting standards.&nbsp; Out of 33 IATI categories, 27 categories are fully compatible with the South-South Cooperation definition proposed by the background study commissioned by UNDCF.\t<a href=\"#_edn9\" target=\"\">[9]<\/a> Only two categories are not compatible (default flow type and policy\/ thematic markers); the remaining four categories i.e. Default Finance Type, Default Aid Type, Default Tied Aid Status and Planned Disbursements (for export credits) can be made compatible with minor amendments.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">NOTE: The points above are based on the table below, which compares transparency of official flows of southern donors against IATI and the DAC Creditor Reporting System. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">The analysis results from the research project&nbsp; \u2018A Future for Aid Data: Research towards a South-South Cooperation data categorisation to complement ongoing IATI categorisations\u2019 funded by DFID through its Future of Aid and Beyond research competition 2010-11.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">State of Transparency in Official Public Flows: DAC &#038; Southern Donors<\/p>\n<table class=\"renderedtable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"550\">\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  OECD DAC\u2019s Classification\n  <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"255\" valign=\"top\">  Official Development Assistance (ODA)\n  <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"211\" valign=\"top\">  Other Official Flows (OOF)\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"128\" valign=\"top\">  Country Programmable Aid\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">  Humanitarian Aid, debt relief, no cross-border flows i.e. administrative costs, imputed student costs, promotion of development awareness and research and refugees in donor countries, food aid and aid from local governments, core funding of NGOs\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"115\" valign=\"top\">  OOF except export credit\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">  Official direct export credits\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  Nature of access when reported to CRS\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"128\" valign=\"top\">  Public Access\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">  Public Access\n  <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"211\" valign=\"top\">  Restricted Access\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  Mandate of IATI for DAC donors\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"128\" valign=\"top\">  Yes\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">  No\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"115\" valign=\"top\">  No\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">  No\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  Availability of aid data of Southern Providers\n  <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"466\" valign=\"top\">  No central database for S-S cooperation equivalent to CRS. Limited and poorly available data when captured by AidData database.\t<a href=\"#_edn1\" target=\"\">[i]<\/a>\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  Compatibility with IATI Standards\n  <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"466\" valign=\"top\">  Out of 33 IATI categories, 27 categories are fully compatible\t<a href=\"#_edn2\" target=\"\">[ii]<\/a> with the South-South Cooperation. Only two categories are not compatible and four categories can be easily made compatible with minor modifications.\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">  What we think needs to be published by South-South Cooperation Providers, if they agree to join IATI\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"128\" valign=\"top\">  Technical cooperation Grants to recipient governments Interest free loans Chinese Exim Bank Concessional loans Completed projects &nbsp;Goods and materials Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (<i>ITEC<\/i>) programme Indian Exim bank concessional lines of credits under IDEAS scheme\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">  Human Resource Development Cooperation Oversees volunteers program Debt relief Emergency Humanitarian Aid &nbsp;\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"115\" valign=\"top\">  Chinese Development Bank lines of credit in assumption that they are LIBOR based and thus are not concessional as ODA Chinese Africa Development Fund\n  <\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">  Chinese EXIM preferential export buyers\u2019 credits &nbsp;\n  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">Source: &nbsp;&nbsp;Research project \u2018A Future for Aid Data: Research towards a South-South Cooperation data categorisation to complement ongoing IATI categorisations\u2019 funded by DFID through its Future of Aid and Beyond research competition 2010-11.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref1\" target=\"\">[i]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/Documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref2\" target=\"\">[ii]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/Documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref1\" target=\"\">[1]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2011\/nov\/14\/busan-aid-china-rejects-transparency?newsfeed=true\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2011\/nov\/14\/busan-aid-china-rejects-transparency?newsfeed=true<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2011\/nov\/14\/busan-aid-china-rejects-transparency?newsfeed=true\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global-development\/poverty-matters\/2011\/nov\/14\/busan-aid-china-rejects-transparency?newsfeed=true<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref2\" target=\"\">[2]<\/a>http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/document\/5\/0,3746,en_2649_34447_45666181_1_1_1_1,00.html<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref3\" target=\"\">[3]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/dataoecd\/21\/21\/34086975.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dataoecd\/21\/21\/34086975.pdf<\/a> &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref4\" target=\"\">[4]<\/a> &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/the-relationship-between-iati-and-crs-plus-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.aidtransparency.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/The-relationship-between-IATI-and-CRS-plus-4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref5\" target=\"\">[5]<\/a>http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/document\/5\/0,3746,en_2649_34447_45666181_1_1_1_1,00.html<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref6\" target=\"\">[6]<\/a> See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/fileadmin\/uploads\/afdb\/documents\/publications\/working 107  pdf e33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/afdb\/Documents\/Publications\/WORKING%20107%20%20PDF%20E33.pdf<\/a> , page 8<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref7\" target=\"\">[7]<\/a>http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english2010\/china\/2011-04\/21\/c_13839683_5.htm<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref8\" target=\"\">[8]<\/a> \u2018Under this scheme, launched in 2004-05, Government of India extends Lines of Credit (LOC) to developing countries under three broad categories, namely HIPC (Heavily Indebted Poor Countries), Low Income &#038; LDCs and Middle Income Countries\u2019 http:\/\/india-ldc.nic.in\/mystart.php?id=0303 &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref9\" target=\"\">[9]<\/a> See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/en\/ecosoc\/newfunct\/pdf\/analytical study (ssc) - november 2009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ecosoc\/newfunct\/pdf\/analytical%20study%20%28ssc%29%20-%20november%202009.pdf<\/a>, pp. 11-12.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref10\" target=\"\">[10]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/Documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\t<a href=\"#_ednref11\" target=\"\">[11]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrokeronline.eu\/files\/documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/Documents\/college-social-sciences\/government-society\/idd\/research\/aid-data\/chapter2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"yunu3cvqabft7vifv\">\n<p class=\"credit\">Photo credit main picture: Sunflowers by Marco Magrini<\/p>\n<p>\t\t<!-- body -->\n\t<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<section class=\"commentform content column wide left\">\n<div class=\"disqus_content\">\n\t\t\t<a name=\"comments\" id=\"comments\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"disqus_thread\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\/* * * CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT BEFORE PASTING INTO YOUR WEBPAGE * * *\/\n\t\t\t\tvar disqus_shortname = 'broker'; 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